Copper is a ductile metal, with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. It is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, a building material, and a constituent of various metal alloys. Copper compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) salts, which often impart blue or green colors to minerals such as turquoise and have been widely used historically as pigments. Architectural structures built with copper corrode to give green verdigris. Decorative art prominently features copper, both by itself and as part of pigments. Copper(II) ions are water-soluble, where they function at low concentration as bacteriostatic substances, fungicides, and wood preservatives. In sufficient amounts, they are poisonous to higher organisms; at lower concentrations it is an essential trace nutrient to all higher plant and animal life. The main areas where copper is found in animals are tissues, liver, muscle and bone.
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Chemical Properties
| Appearance | Red-Orange Solid |
| Atomic Number | 29 |
| Atomic Weight | 63.546 g/mol |
| Block | d |
| Boiling Point | 2562 °C |
| CAS Number | 7440-50-8 |
| Class | 4.1 |
| Crystal Structure | Face-Centered Cubic |
| Density | 8.94 g/cm3 |
| EINECS Number | 231-159-6 |
| Electron Configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 |
| Group | 11 |
| Ionization Energy | 745.5 KJ/mol |
| Melting Point | 1084.62 °C |
| NFPA 704 | H-2,F-1,R-0,C-NA |
| Oxidation State | +1,+2,+3,+4 |
| Period | 4 |
| RTECS Number | GL5325000 |
| Solubility | Insoluble |
| Symbol | Cu |
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